1. Introduction: (01 hr)
1.1 Definition of a building, classification of buildings based on occupancy
1.2 Different parts of a building
2. Foundations: (06 hrs)
2.1 Concept of foundation and its purpose
2.2 Types of foundation-shallow and deep
**2.2.1 Shallow foundation - constructional details of: Spread foundations
for walls, thumb rules for depth and width of foundation and
thickness of concrete block, stepped foundation, masonry pillars
and concrete columns
2.3 Earthwork
2.3.1 Layout/setting out for surface excavation, cutting and filling
2.3.2 Excavation of foundation, trenches, shoring, timbering and de- watering
3. Walls: (07 hrs)
3.1 Purpose of walls
3.2 Classification of walls - load bearing, non-load bearing, dwarf wall,
retaining, breast walls and partition walls
3.3 Classification of walls as per materials of construction: brick, stone,
reinforced brick, reinforced concrete, precast, hollow and solid concrete
block and composite masonry walls
3.4 Partition walls: Constructional details, suitability and uses of brick and
wooden partition walls
3.5 Mortars: types, selection of mortar and its preparation
3.6 Scaffolding, construction details and suitability of mason’s brick layers
and tubular scaffolding, shoring, underpinning
4. Masonry (08 hrs)
4.1 Brick Masonry: Definition of terms like header, stretcher, queen closer,
king closer, frog and quoin, course, bond, facing, backing, hearting, jambs,
reveals, soffit, plinth, pillars and pilasters
4.1.1 Bond – meaning and necessity; English, flemish bond and other
types of bonds
4.1.2 Construction of brick walls –methods of laying bricks in walls,
precautions observed in the construction of walls, methods of
bonding new brick work with old (toothing, raking, back and block
bonding), Expansion and contraction joints
4.1.3 Importance towards special care during execution on: soaking of
bricks, maintenance of bonds and plumb, filling of horizontal and
vertical joints, masonry work, restriction height of construction on
a given day, every fourth course, earthquake resistance measure,
making of joints to receive finishes
4.2 Stone Masonry
4.2.1 Glossary of terms – natural bed, bedding planes, string course,
corbel, cornice, block in course grouting, moulding, templates, corner stone, bond stone, throating, through stone, parapet, coping,
pilasters and buttress
4.2.2 Types of stone masonry: rubble masonry - random and coursed;
Ashlar masonry, principles to be observed in construction of stone
masonry walls
4.2.3 Importance towards special care during execution of stone masonry
work on dressing of stone, size and placing of bond and corner
stones, filling joints, proper packing of internal cavities of rubble
masonry wall, raking of joints to receive finishes
5. Arches and Lintels: (06 hrs)
5.1 Meaning and use of arches and lintels:
5.2 Glossary of terms used in arches and lintels - abutment, pier, arch ring,
intrados, soffit, extrados, voussoiers, springer, springing line, crown, key
stone, skew back, span, rise, depth of an arch, haunch, spandril,
jambs, bearing, thickness of lintel, effective span
5.3 Arches:
5.3.1 Types of Arches - Semi circular, segmental, elliptical and
parabolic, flat, inverted and relieving
5.3.2 Stone arches and their construction
5.3.3 Brick arches and their construction
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5.4 Lintels
5.4.1 Purpose of lintel
5.4.2 Materials used for lintels
5.4.3 Cast-in-situ and pre-cast lintels
5.4.4 Lintel along with sun-shade or chhajja
**6. Doors, Windows and Ventilators: (05 hrs)
6.1 Glossary of terms with neat sketches
6.2 Classification based on materials i.e. wood, metal and plastic and their
suitability for different situations. Different type of doors- panel door,
flush door, flazed door, rolling shutter, steel door, sliding door, plastic and
alumininium doors
6.3 Window – Panel window, glazed windows (fixed and openable)
ventilators, sky light window, Louvres shutters, plastic and aluminium
windows.
6.4 Door and window frames – materials and sections, door closures, hold
fasts
*7. Damp Proofing and Water Proofing (08 hrs)
7.1 Dampness and its ill effects on bricks, plaster, wooden fixtures, metal
fixtures and reinforcement, damage to aesthetic appearance, damage to
heat insulating materials, damage to stored articles and health, sources and
causes of dampness
7.2 Sources of dampness - moisture penetrating the building from outside e.g.
rainwater, surface water, ground moisture. Moisture entrapped during
construction i.e. moisture in concrete, masonry construction and plastering
work etc. Moisture which originates in the building itself i.e. water in
kitchen and bathrooms etc.
7.3 Damp proofing materials and their specifications: rich concrete and mortar,
bitumen, bitumen mastic, polymer coating, use of chemicals
7.4 Damp proofing of : basement, ground floors, plinth and walls, special
damp proofing arrangements in bathrooms, WC and kitchen, damp
proofing for roofs and window sills
8. Floors (07 hrs)
8.1 Glossary of terms-floor finish, topping, under layer, base course, rubble
filling and their purpose
8.2 Types of floor finishes - cast-in-situ, concrete flooring (monolithic,
bonded) Terrazzo tile flooring, stone (marble and kota) flooring, PVC
flooring, Terrazzo flooring, glazed tiles flooring, Timber flooring,
description with sketches. The methods of construction of concrete,
terrazzo and timber floors and their BIS specifications
8.3 Special emphasis on level/slope/reverse slope in bathrooms, toilets,
kitchen, balcony and staircase
9. Roofs (05 hrs)
9.1 Types of roofs, concept of flat, pitched and arched roofs
9.2 Glossary of terms for pitched roofs - batten, eaves, facia board, gable, hip,
lap, purlin, rafter, rag bolt, valley, ridge, rain water gutter, anchoring bolts
9.3 False ceilings using gypsum, plaster boards, cellotex, fibre boards
9.4 Special emphasis on maintenance of slopes, overlaps of roofing materials,
applicability and problems of wind ties, size of anchoring bolts
10. Stairs (05 hrs)
10.1 Glossary of terms: Staircase, winders, landing, stringer, newel, baluster,
riser, tread, width of staircase, hand-rail, nosing
10.2 Classification of staircase on the basis of material – RCC, timber, steel,
Aluminium
10.3 Planning and layout of staircase: Relations between rise and tread,
determination of width of stair, landing etc
10.4 Various types of layout - straight flight, dog legged, open well, quarter
turn, half turn (newel and geometrical stairs), bifurcated stair, spiral stair
11. Surface Finishes (05 hrs)
11.1 Plastering - classification according to use and finishes like plain plaster,
grit finish, rough cast, pebble dashed, concrete and stone cladding etc.,
dubbing, proportion of mortars used for different plasters, techniques of
plastering and curing
11.2 Pointing - different types of pointing and their methods
11.3 Painting - preparation of surface, primer coat and application of paints on
wooden, steel and plastered wall surfaces
11.4 Application of white washing, colour washing and distempering, polishing,
application of cement and plastic paints
11.5 Selection of appropriate paints/finishes for interior and exterior surfaces
11.6 Importance of preparation of surfaces such as hacking, grooving etc before
application of surface finishes
12. Anti Termite Measures (As per IS 6313 –I – III) (04 hrs)
12.1 Introduction, site preparation and chemicals used in anti-termite treatment
12.2 Treatment of masonry foundation
12.3 Treatment of RCC foundation
12.4 Treatment of top surface of earth filling
12.5 Treatment of junction of walls and floors
12.6 Treatment along external perimeter of building
12.7 Treatment and selection of timber
12.8 Treatment in existing buildings
13. Building Planning (06 hrs)
13.1 Site selection: Factors to be considered for selection of site for residential,
commercial, industrial and public building
13.2 Basic principles of building planning, arrangement of doors, windows,
cupboards etc for residential building
13.3 Orientation of building as per IS: 7662 in relation to sun and wind
direction, rains, internal circulation and placement of rooms within the
available area, concept of Vastu-Shastra
13.4 Introduction to National Building code.
14 Building Services (05 hrs)
Introduction to fire fighting systems, Ducting for Air-conditioning, service
lines for cable telephone, and electrical wiring , garbage disposal systems. Water
supply system (internal and external).
15. Elementary idea of interior decoration, wall paneling, false ceiling, (02 hrs)
flooring etc.