1. Object-Oriented Programming Concepts: Introduction, comparision between procedural

programming paradigm and object-oriented proramming paradigm, basic concepts of objectoriented

programming — concepts of an object and a class, interface and implementation of a class,

operations on objects, relationship among objects, abstraction, encapsulation, data hiding, inheritance,

overloading, polymorphism, messaging.

2. Standard Input/Output: Concept of streams, hierarchy of console stream

classes, input/output

using overloaded operators >> and << and memberv functions of i/o stream classes, formatting output,

formatting using ios class functions and flags, formatting using manipulators.  members, access

specifiers, static members, use of const keyword, friends of a class, empty classes, nested classes, local

classes, abstract classes, container classes, bit fields and classes.

4. Pointers and Dynamic Memory Management: Declaring and initializing pointers, accessing

data through pointers, pointer arithmetic, memory allocation (static and dynamic), dynamic memory

management using new and delete operators, pointer to an object, this pointer, pointer related problems

- dangling/wild pointers, null pointer assignment, memory leak and allocation failures.

5. Constructors and Destructors: Need for constructors and destructors, copy

constructor, dynamic constructors, explicit constructors, destructors, constructors and destructors

with static members, initializer lists. 

6. Operator Overloading and Type Conversion: Overloading operators, rules for overloading

operators, overloading of various operators, type conversion - basic type to class type, class type to

basic type, class type to another class type. 

7. Inheritance: Introduction, defining derived clases, forms of inheritance, ambiguity in multiple

and multipath inheritance, virtual base class, object slicing, overriding member functions, object

composition and delegation, order of execution of constructors and destructors.

8. Virtual functions & Polymorphism: Concept of binding - early binding and late binding, virtual

functions, pure virtual functions, abstract clasess, virtual destructors.

9. Exception Handling: Review of traditional error handling, basics of exception handling,

exception handling mechanism, throwing mechanism, catching mechanism, rethrowing an exception,

specifying exceptions. 

10. Templates and Generic Programming: Template concepts, Function templates, class templates,

illustrative examples.

11. Files: File streams, hierarchyof file stream classes, error handling during file operations,

reading/writing of files, accessing records randomly, updating files.