Solved question paper for EME May-2009 (B-TECH 1st-2nd)
Solved Question Paper
Elements of mechanical engineering May-2009
PTU • B-TECH • Mechanical Engineering • 1st-2nd • May-2009
elements of mechanical engineering previous year question papers on BRpaper are organized for students of Punjab Technical University’s Bachelor of Technology program, 1st-2nd semester. This section makes it easier to browse subject-wise old question papers for elements of mechanical engineering, so students can review how questions are typically framed in past exams and get a sense of the exam pattern. Many students search for elements of mechanical engineering question bank while preparing for exams, and this page is built to support exactly that kind of subject-wise browsing and revision. BRpaper is not the official website of Punjab Technical University or any institution, and it does not publish official notices or academic updates.
PART-A
1. Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics (08)
Definition of thermodynamic: Need to study thermodynamics; Application areas of thermodynamic; Difference between Microscopic (or, Statistical) thermodynamics and Macroscopic(or, Classical) thermodynamics; Brief concept of continuum; Thermodynamic System : definition, types (Open, Closed and Isolated) and their examples; Thermodynamic System Boundary : definition, types and their examples; Surroundings; Control(fixed) mass and Control Volume concept and their example ; Thermodynamic State; Thermodynamic Property: definition, types citing their examples; condition for any quantity to be a property; State postulate; Thermodynamic equilibrium (which includes Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical equilibrium etc.); Thermodynamic path; Thermodynamic process: definition, concept of reversible process, quasi-static (or, quasi-equilibrium) process, irreversible process, conditions for reversibility and how these are met with, non-flow processes and flow processes, method of representation of reversible and irreversible process on property diagrams; Cyclic process; Thermodynamic Cycle: definition and its concept; Energy and its forms (microscopic and macroscopic); Physical insight to internal energy; Energy transfer across system boundary i.e. transient energies (heat and work); Difference between heat and work; Sign conventions for heat and work interactions; heat and work as path functions; Equality of Temperature and Zeroth law of Thermodynamics.
2. First Law of Thermodynamics and its applications (12)
Definition, essence and corollaries or consequences of first law of Thermodynamics; Expressions for First law of Thermodynamics for a control mass undergoing a Cycle and for process (i.e., a change in state of a control mass) ; Concept of Enthalpy and total energy and differentiation between the two - a thermodynamic property; Compressible and incompressible substances, Specific heats, Difference between Internal Energy and Enthalpy of compressible and incompressible substances; Representation of first law of thermodynamics as rate equation; Analysis of non-flow/ flow process for a control mass undergoing constant volume, constant pressure, constant temperature, adiabatic and polytropic processes; Free Expansion Process and its examples, its representation on Property diagram; Review of concepts of control volume; Expressions of first law of thermodynamics for a control volume (i.e. open system) ; Steady State Steady Flow process and its examples; First law analysis of Steady State Flow process e.g. isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, isentropic and polytropic process; Throttling process and its applications; Flow energy or inertial energy of flowing fluids or, Energy transport by mass; Application of Steady State Flow Energy Equation to various engineering devices.
3. Second Law of Thermodynamics (16)
Limitations of first law of thermodynamics; and how 2nd law is fully able to explain away and thus overcome those shortcomings of Ist law; Thermal Reservoirs, source and sink (Low temperature and high temperatures); Heat Engine, Heat Pump and Refrigerator: definitions, working, efficiency/performance and their real life examples. Justification as to why the actual efficiency of Heat Pump and Refrigerator shall also be ≤ 100% though on the face of it seems to be more than 100%; Various statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics and their equivalence; Philosophy of Carnot cycle and its consequences viz. how each of the individual four processes constituting the cycle contribute in optimizing the output and efficiency of the cycle; Carnot Engine, Carnot Refrigerator and Carnot Heat Pump: definitions, working, efficiency/performance and Limitations of the cycle; Carnot theorem for heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps; derivation of Carnot efficiency/COP (which seems to be more than 100%); Thermodynamic Temperature Scale; Clausius theorem and Inequality; Philosophy and concept of entropy; Entropy changes during various processes; Temperature - Entropy Chart and representation of various processes on it; Principle of Increase of Entropy; Applications of Entropy Principle; Quality of Energy viz. high and low grade energies; Degradation of Energy; Third Law of Thermodynamics.
PART-B
4. Gas Power Cycles (12)
Introduction; Concept and philosophy of Air Standard Cycle alongwith associated assumptions and advantages; Air Standard Efficiency; Nomenclature of reciprocating piston-cylinder arrangement with basic definitions such as swept volume, clearance volume, compression ratio, mean effective pressure etc; Otto Cycle (or constant volume heat addition cycle), Diesel cycle (or constant pressure heat addition cycle) and Dual cycle (Mixed or Composite or Limited Pressure cycle) with their representation on P-V and T-S charts, their Air-standard (thermal) Efficiencies; Brayton Cycle, Comparison of Otto, Diesel and Dual cycle under some defined similar parametric conditions; Introduction to heat engines; Merits of I.C. Engines and their important applications, Classification and constructional features of I.C. Engines; working of two stroke and four stroke Petrol and Diesel engines and their comparison.
5. Engineering Materials (05)
Materials and Civilization, Materials and Engineering, Classification of Engineering Materials, Mechanical Properties of Materials: elasticity, plasticity, strength, ductility, brittleness, melleability, toughness, resilience, hardness, machinability, formability, weldability. Properties, Composition, and Industrial Applications of materials: metals (ferrous- cast iron, tool steels, stainless steels and non ferrous- Aluminum, brass, bronze ), polymers (natural and synthetic , thermoplastic and thermosetting), ceramics (glass, optical fibre glass, cements), composites ( fibre reinforced, metal matrix), smart materials (piezoelectric, shape memory, thermochromic, photochromic, magnetorheological), Conductors, Semiconductors and insulators, Organic and Inorganic materials. Selection of materials for engineering applications.
6. Centroid, Centre of Gravity and Moment of Inertia: (08)
Difference between centre of gravity and centroid. Determination of position of centroid of plane geometric figures of I, U, H, L, T, C, Circular and Triangular Sections. Centroid of Composite Areas. Determination of position of Centre of Gravity (CG) of regular solids viz. Right Circular Cone, Solid Hemisphere, thin Hollow Hemisphere. Area moment of inertia & mass moment of inertia, Polar moment of inertia, Parallel axes Theorem (or transfer formula), Perpendicular axes Theorem, Radius of gyration, determination of area Moment of Inertia of I, U, H, L, T, C, Circular and Triangular Sections along various axes. Mass moment of Inertia of Circular Ring, Disc, Cylinder, Sphere and Cone about their axis of symmetry and other axes.
Solved Questions
Solved-
What do you understand by quasi-static process? How is it achieved?Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2023 1(a) What is a quasi-static process?
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Dec 2020 What is a quasi-static process?
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May 2017 What is quasi-static and irreversible process?
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May 2016 What is a quasi-static process?
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Discuss the concept of thermal equilibrium.Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Dec 2019 Define thermodynamic equilibrium.
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May 2018 What is meant by thermodynamic equilibrium? How does it differ from thermal equilibrium?
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Dec 2016 What do you understand by thermodynamic equilibrium?
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May 2013 Explain the concept of thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Dec 2008 What is meant by thermodynamic equilibrium?
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Write and explain the analytical expression applicable for a process and cycle.Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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What are non-flow processes? Give suitable examples.Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Dec 2023 What do you mean by non-flow processes? Give example.
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Discuss equivalence of various statements of the second law of thermodynamics.Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Dec 2023 a) State Clausius and Kelvin-Planck statements of second law of thermodynamics and prove their equivalence.
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May 2017 State and explain the Kelvin Planck and Claussis statement of second law of thermodynamics.
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Dec 2017 State second law of thermodynamics. Prove the equivalence of Kelvin-Planck statement and Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics.
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May 2015 State Kelvin-Planck and Claussius statements of second law of thermodynamics? Also show equivalence between them.
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Dec 2014 State Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of second low of thermodynamics? Also show equivalence between them.
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May 2010 State Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of second law of thermodynamics. Explain the equivalence of Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements.
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Dec 2009 Write various statements of second law of thermodynamics and also show their equivalence.
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What is air standard efficiency?Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2020 What is air standard efficiency?
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Dec 2020 What is Air Standard Efficiency?
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May 2019 What is an air-standard efficiency?
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Dec 2019 Define air standard efficiency.
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Differentiate between mechanism and machine.Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Dec 2016 Differentiate between mechanism and machines.
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May 2015 Differentiate between machine and structure.
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May 2010 Differentiate between machine and mechanism.
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May 2007 Differentiate between machine and mechanism.
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What is Poisson's ratio?Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2015 Define poisson\'s ratio.
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May 2013 Define Poisson’s ratio.
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May 2007 Define Poisson’s ratio.
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Describe creep and fatigue.Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2016 Differentiate between creep and fatigue.
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Dec 2011 Differentiate between creep and fatigue?
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Dec 2007 Differentiate between creep and fatigue.
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What do you understand by throttling process?Short Answer 2 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Dec 2019 What is throttling process?
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May 2013 What is the throttling process and give its salient features.
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May 2010 What is throttling process? Point out its salient aspects.
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Define work. Show that work done = ∫p dV.Long Answer 5 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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The pressure-volume correlation for a non-flow reversible process is given by p = (5 - 4V) bar, where V is in m3. If 150 kJ of work is supplied to the system, determine the final pressure and volume. Take initial volume = 0.6 m3.Long Answer 5 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2020 To a closed system 150 kJ of work is supplied. If the initial volume is 0.6 m³ and the pressure of the system changes as p = 8 - 4V, where p is in bar and V is in m³, determine the final volume and pressure of the system.
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Dec 2020 To a close system 150kJ of work is supplied. If the initial volume is 0.6 m3 and the pressure of the system changes as p = 8 - 4V, where p is in bar and V is in m3, determine the final volume and pressure of the system.
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Air initially at 61 kPa pressure, 800 K temperature and occupying a volume of 0.1 m3 is compressed isothermally till the volume is halved and further it goes through compression at constant pressure till the volume is halved again. Sketch the process on p-V diagram and make calculations for total work done and total heat interaction for the two processes. Assume ideal gas behaviour for air and take R = 1.005 kJ/kg K.Long Answer 5 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2016 Air initially at 75 kPa pressure, 1000 K temperature and occupying a volume of 0.12 m3 is compressed isothermally until the volume is halved and subsequently it undergoes further compression at constant pressure till the volume is halved again. Sketch the process on p-V diagram and make calculations for work done.
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Dec 2009 An air initially at 90 kPa pressure, 700 K temperature and occupying a volume of 0.5 m3 is compressed isothermally till the volume is halved and further it goes compression at constant pressure till the volume is halved again. Sketch the process on p-V diagram and make calculations for total work done and total heat interaction for the two processes. Assume ideal gas behaviour for air and take c_v = 1.004 kJ/kg K.
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A centrifugal pump delivers 2750 kg of water per minute from initial pressure of 0.8 bar absolute to a final pressure of 3.8 bar absolute. The suction is 2 m below and delivery is 5 m above the centre of pump. If the suction and delivery pipes are of 15 cm and 10 cm diameter respectively, make calculations for power required to run the pump. Density of water: 1000 kg/m3.Long Answer 5 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2018 A centrifugal pump delivers 50 kg of water per second. The inlet and outlet pressures are 1 bar and 4.2 bar respectively. The suction is 2.2 m below the centre of the pump and delivery is 8.5 m above the centre of the pump. The suction and delivery pipe diameters are 20 cm and 10 cm respectively. Find the capacity of electric motor to run the pump.
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May 2010 The centrifugal pump delivers 50 kg of water per second. The inlet and outlet pressures are 1 bar and 4.2 bar respectively. The suction is 2.2 m below the centre of the pump and delivery is 8.5 m above the centre of the pump. The suction and delivery pipe diameters are 20 cm and 10 cm respectively. Determine the capacity of the electric motor to run the pump.
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Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the temperature at which heat is rejected by E1 and is received by engine E2.Short Answer 5 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2019 Two reversible heat engines are arranged in series between temperatures 500°C and 0°C. The heat input from heat source at 500 °C is 300 kJ. The work output of the first engine is twice of the second engine. Determine T2, η1, η2 and Q3.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the thermal efficiency of each engine.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the work done by engine E1 and E2.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the heat rejected by engine E2 to cold reservoir.
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Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the thermal efficiency of each engine.Short Answer 5 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2019 Two reversible heat engines are arranged in series between temperatures 500°C and 0°C. The heat input from heat source at 500 °C is 300 kJ. The work output of the first engine is twice of the second engine. Determine T2, η1, η2 and Q3.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the temperature at which heat is rejected by E1 and is received by engine E2.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the work done by engine E1 and E2.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the heat rejected by engine E2 to cold reservoir.
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Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the work done by engine E1 and E2.Short Answer 5 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2019 Two reversible heat engines are arranged in series between temperatures 500°C and 0°C. The heat input from heat source at 500 °C is 300 kJ. The work output of the first engine is twice of the second engine. Determine T2, η1, η2 and Q3.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the temperature at which heat is rejected by E1 and is received by engine E2.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the thermal efficiency of each engine.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the heat rejected by engine E2 to cold reservoir.
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Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the heat rejected by engine E2 to cold reservoir.Short Answer 5 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2019 Two reversible heat engines are arranged in series between temperatures 500°C and 0°C. The heat input from heat source at 500 °C is 300 kJ. The work output of the first engine is twice of the second engine. Determine T2, η1, η2 and Q3.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the temperature at which heat is rejected by E1 and is received by engine E2.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the thermal efficiency of each engine.
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May 2009 Two reversible heat engines E1 and E2 are arranged in series between a hot reservoir at temperature T1 of 600 K and a cold reservoir at temperature T3 of 300 K. Engine E1 receives 500 kJ of heat from reservoir at T1. Presuming that both engines have equal thermal efficiency determine the work done by engine E1 and E2.
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A reversible heat engine operates between 875 K and 310 K and drives a reversible refrigerator operating between 310 K and 255 K. The engine receives 2000 kJ of heat and the net work output from the arrangement equals 350 kJ. Make calculations for cooling effect.Long Answer 8 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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What is cut-off ratio? How it affects the air standard efficiency of diesel cycle?Short Answer 8 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Dec 2012 What is cutoff ratio? How does it affect the air standard efficiency of a Diesel cycle?
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With the help of p-V and T-s diagram show that for same maximum pressure and heat input ...Long Answer 8 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Define velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of a machine.Short Answer 8 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Dec 2016 Define mechanical advantage and velocity ratio.
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The upper block of the differential pulley block has two pulleys of diameter 250 mm and 200 mm. What load will be lifted by this machine by the application of an effort equal to 20 N? Take efficiency of the system as 60 percent.Long Answer 8 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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Two vertical rods of steel and copper are firmly secured at their upper ends and lie at a distance of 100 cm apart. Each rod is of 3 m length and 30 mm in diameter. A horizontal rigid cross bar connects the lower ends of the rod and on it is placed a load of 40 kN. Determine the location of the load on the cross bar if it remains horizontal even after being loaded.Long Answer 8 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2009 Two vertical rods of steel and copper are firmly secured at their upper ends and lie at a distance of 100 cm apart. Each rod is of 3 m length and 30 mm in diameter. A horizontal rigid cross bar connects the lower ends of the rod and on it is placed a load of 40 kN. Determine the inclination of the cross bar if the load is hung at its mid span. Take E for steel: 2 x 10^5 N/mm2, E for copper: 1 x 10^5 N/mm2.
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Two vertical rods of steel and copper are firmly secured at their upper ends and lie at a distance of 100 cm apart. Each rod is of 3 m length and 30 mm in diameter. A horizontal rigid cross bar connects the lower ends of the rod and on it is placed a load of 40 kN. Determine the inclination of the cross bar if the load is hung at its mid span. Take E for steel: 2 x 10^5 N/mm2, E for copper: 1 x 10^5 N/mm2.Long Answer 8 Marks May-2009 • PTU B-TECH
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May 2009 Two vertical rods of steel and copper are firmly secured at their upper ends and lie at a distance of 100 cm apart. Each rod is of 3 m length and 30 mm in diameter. A horizontal rigid cross bar connects the lower ends of the rod and on it is placed a load of 40 kN. Determine the location of the load on the cross bar if it remains horizontal even after being loaded.
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01 Where can I find elements of mechanical engineering previous year question papers for Bachelor of Technology, 1st-2nd semester?
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02 Are these official Punjab Technical University question papers?
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03 How can previous year elements of mechanical engineering papers help in exam preparation?
Reviewing past papers can help you understand how questions are typically framed, notice commonly repeated topics, and get a sense of the exam pattern before your own exam.
04 What kind of topics does elements of mechanical engineering usually cover?
The question papers here relate to the official elements of mechanical engineering syllabus set by the university for this course and semester.
05 Does this page include a elements of mechanical engineering question bank or solved answers?
This page focuses on providing access to the previous year question papers themselves. A separate question bank or solved answers may not be available for every paper.
06 Can I find papers for other subjects in the same Bachelor of Technology?
Yes, BRpaper organizes papers by university, course, stream, and semester, so you can browse other subjects within the same Punjab Technical University Bachelor of Technology.