HP (Diploma Mechanical Engineering 3rd)

1. Introduction (04 hrs)

Fluid, types of fluid; properties of fluid viz mass density, weight density (specific

weight), specific volume, capillarity, specific gravity, viscosity, compressibility,

surface tension, kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity and their units.

2. Pressure and its Measurement (08hrs)

2.1 Concept of pressure (Atmospheric Pressure, gauge pressure, absolute

pressure)

2.2 Pressure measuring devices: peizometer tube manometers - simple U-tube,

differential single column, inverted U-tube, micromanometer including simple

problems.

2.3 Bourdon pressure gauge, Diaphragm pressure gauge, dead weight pressure

gauge

2.4 Concept of static pressure, Pascal’s law, intensity of pressure and pressure

head, Total pressure on a plane surface and centre of pressure.

3. Flow of Fluids (08 hrs)

Types of fluid flow – steady and unsteady, uniform and non-uniform, laminar and

turbulent; rate of flow and their units; continuity equation of flow; potential energy

of a flowing fluid; total head; Bernoulli’s theorem (statement and proof) and its

applications. Discharge measurement with the help of venturi-meter, orifice meter,

pitot-tube, limitations of Bernoulli’s theorem, simple problems on measurement of

flow.

4. Flow through Pipes (10 hrs)

4.1 Definition of pipe flow, wetted perimeter, hydraulic mean depth, hydraulic

gradient; loss of head due to friction; Chezy’s equation and Darcy’s equation

of head loss (without proof), Reynolds’snumber and its effect on pipe friction.

4.2 Loss of head in pipes due to sudden enlargement, sudden contraction,

obstruction on flow path, change of direction and pipe fittings (without

proof)including simple problems. 

5. Hydraulic Machines (08hrs)

Description, operation and application of hydraulic machines – hydraulic ram,

hydraulic jack, hydraulic brake, hydraulic accumulator, hydraulic door closer,

hydraulic press, selection of specification of above machines for different

applications.

6. Hydro-Power, Water Turbines and Pumps (12hrs)

6.1 Advantages of hydropower, basic elements, dams, head works.

6.2 Concept of a turbine, types of turbines –impulse and reaction type (concept

only), difference between them. Construction and working of pelton wheel,

Francis turbine, Propeller and Kaplan turbines. Unit speed, unit power, unit

discharge, specific speed of turbines, selection of turbines based on specific

speed.

6.3 Concept of hydraulic pump, single acting reciprocating pump (construction

and operation only), vane, screw and gear pumps.

6.4 Construction, working and operation of centrigual pump. Performance,

efficiencies and specifications of a centrifugal pump.Trouble shooting and

problems in centrifugal pumps and remedialmeasures, pitting, cavitation,

priming.

6.5 Hydro potential in Himachal Pradesh.

7. Components of Hydraulic Systems (08hrs)

7.1 Basic components of hydraulic system, their symbols and function of each

component in a hydraulic circuit.

7.2 Oil reservoirs, couplings, motors and pumps – definition and functions of the

parts,

7.3 Filters- definition and purpose, classification

7.4 Seals and packing- classification of seals, sealing materials.

8. Components of Pneumatic Systems (08hrs)

8.1 Basic components – function of each component

8.2 Air compressors – type, working

8.3 Air cylinder – types, function, single acting, double acting, rotating, nonrotating,

piston type, diaphragm type, tandem cylinder, double ended cylinder,

duplex cylinder with symbols. 

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8.4 Air filter, regulator and lubricator – their necessity in pneumatic circuit.

8.5 Industrial application of Pneumatic systems.