SECTION-A
Signals: Definition, types of signals and their representations: continuous-time/discrete-time, periodic/nonperiodic,
even/odd, energy/power, deterministic/ random, one-dimensional/multi-dimensional; commonly
used signals (in continuous-time as well as in discrete-time): unit impulse, unit step, unit ramp (and their
inter-relationships), exponential, rectangular pulse, sinusoidal; operations on continuous-time and discretetime
signals (including transformations of independent variables).
SECTION-B
Fourier Transforms (FT):
(i) Definition, conditions of existence of FT, properties, magnitude and phase spectra, Some important FT
theorems, Parseval’s theorem, Inverse FT, relation between LT and FT
(ii) Discrete time Fourier transform (DTFT), inverse DTFT, convergence, properties and theorems,
Comparison between continuous time FT and DTFT
SECTION-C
Time and frequency domain analysis of systems
Analysis of first order and second order systems, continuous-time (CT) system analysis using LT, system
functions of CT systems, poles and zeros, block diagram representations; discrete-time system functions,
block diagram representation, illustration of the concepts of system bandwidth and rise time through the
analysis of a first order CT low pass filter
SECTION D
Laplace-Transform (LT) and Z-transform (ZT):
(i) One-sided LT of some common signals, important theorems and properties of LT, inverse LT, solutions
of differential equations using LT, Bilateral LT, Regions of convergence (ROC) (ii) One sided and Bilateral
Z-transforms, ZT of some common signals, ROC, Properties and theorems, solution of difference equations
using one-sided ZT, s- to z-plane mapping .