Solved question paper for BEQM Mar-2017 (PSEB Class 12th)
Solved Question Paper
BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS -II Mar-2017
PSEB • Class 12th • 1st • Mar-2017
BEQM previous year question papers on BRpaper help students looking for Business Economics and Quantitative Methods -II under Punjab School Education Board Class 12 find subject-wise old papers in one place. This section is designed for quick revision, exam practice, and understanding how questions are usually framed in this subject. Students can browse PSEB 12th Class Question Papers for BEQM to review question style, topic focus, and paper pattern where available. It is useful for comparing past papers, checking commonly repeated areas, and preparing more confidently for exams. BRpaper is not the official website of Punjab School Education Board or any institution, and it does not publish official notices or academic updates.
PART-I
BUSINESS STATISTICS
UNIT 1. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
(i) Arithmetic Mean (Simple and weighted)
(ii) Median and Mode
UNIT 2. MEASURES OF DISPERSION AND SKEWNESS
A. Measures of Dispersion
i. Range, Quartile, Decile, Percentile and Quartile Deviation.
ii. Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation.
B. Measures of Skewness
(i) Meaning of Measures of Skewness.
(ii) Difference between Dispersion &Skewness.
(iii) Measures of Skewness.
a) Absolute Measures
b) Relative Measures & Coefficient of Skewness
(i) Bowley's Coefficient of Skewness
(ii) Kelly's Coefficient of Skewness
(iii) Karl Pearson's Cofficient of Skewness
UNIT 3. INDEX NUMBER
(i) Meaning, Features, Uses and Problems of Construction of Index Number.
(ii) Methods of Construction of Index Number, Cost of Living Index Numbers,Choice of base for Computing Index Numbers, Base Shifting.
UNIT 4. CORRELATION & REGRESSION ANALYSIS
A CORRELATION
(i) Meaning, Significance, Cause and Effect Relationship.
Types of Correlation.
(ii) Methods of Correlation:
a) Scattered Diagram,
b) Graphic Method
c) Karl Pearson's Coefficient of Correlation,
d) Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient
e) Concurrent Deviation Method.
(iii) Probable error, Standard error and Coefficient of Determination.
B) REGRESSION ANALYSIS
(i) Meaning, Uses of Regression Analysis, Relationship
between Correlation and Regression analysis
(ii) Regression Lines
(iii) Preparation of Regression quotient
(iv) Standard errors of estimation and Limitation of Regression
analysis.
PART-II
INTRODUCTORY MACROECONOMICS
UNIT 5. NATIONAL INCOME AND RELATED AGGREGATES.
(i) Basic Concepts: Consumption Goods, Capital Goods, Final Goods, Intermediate Goods; Stocks and flows; Gross Investment and Depreciation.
(ii) Circular Flow of Income, Measurement of National IncomeValue Added Method, Income Method and Expenditure Method.
(iii) Aggregates related to National Income GDP (Gross Domestic Product), GNP (Gross National Product), NDP (Net Domestic Product) , NNP (Net National Product) , (At Market Price and Factor Cost) National Disposable Income (Gross and Net) Private Income, Personal Income and Personal Disposable Income, Real and Nominal GDP.
(iv) GDP and Welfare
UNIT 6 DETERMINATION OF INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT.
(i) Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and their Components.
(ii) Propensity to Consume and Propensity to Save (Average and Marginal)
(iii) Meaning of Involuntary Unemployment and Full Employment.
(iv) Determination of Income and Employment-Two Sector Model.
(v) Concept of Investment Multiplier and its working.
(vi) Problems of Excess and Deficient Demand.
(vii) Measures to correct Excess & Deficient Demand,
Availability of Credit, Change in Govt. spending.
UNIT 7 MONEY AND BANKING
(i) Money- Meaning, Evolution and Functions.
(ii) Supply of Money - Currency held by the Public and Net Demand Deposits held by Commercial Banks.
(iii) Central Bank- Meaning and Functions (example of Reserve Bank of India) : Bank of Issue, Government Bank, Bankers Banks, Controller of Credit CRR, SLR, Reverse Repo, Open Marker Operation, Margin Requirement.
(iv) Commercial Banks- Meaning and Functions.
Unit 8 GOVERNMENT BUDGET AND THE ECONOMY
(i) Government Budget- Meaning, Components and Objectives.
(ii) Classification of Receipts- Revenue Receipts and Capital Receipts.
(iii) Classification of Expenditure-Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure.
(iv) Balanced Budget-Surplus Budget and Deficit Budget; Meaning and Implications.
(v) Revenue Deficit, Fiscal Deficit and Primary Deficit; Meaning and Implications; Measures to correct different Deficits.
Unit-9 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
(i) Balance of Payment Accounts-Meaning and Components.
(ii) Balance of Payments Deficit -- Meaning.
(iii) Foreign Exchange Rate- Meaning (Flexible and Fixed), Merits
and Demerits, Determination through Demand and Supply.
(iv) Determination of Exchange Rate in a Free Market
Solved Questions
Solved-
(a) Deciles divide the series into..............parts.
(b) What are the limits of r in corrslation ?
(i) -1 and 1 (ii) -3 and 3 (iii) -1 and 0 (iv) 0 and 1
(c) What is net domestic product at market price ?
(d) Name the thing which is generally accepted as medium of exchange.
(i) Metatr (ii) Petrol (iii) Money (iv) Paper
(e) If the value of visible exports are more than visible irnport, their balance of trade is called.
(i) Unfavourable (ii) InBalance (iii) Favourable (iv) Imbalance
Very Short Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12th1(a) 4
(b) 0 and 1
(c) Net Domestic Product at Market Price is the difference between gross domestic product at market price and depreciation
(d) Money
(e) Favourable
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Explain the characteristics of arithmetic mean.
Short Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thSimple Mean: When Equal importance given to all the value while calculating mean such a mean is called simple mean
Weighted mean: When different wages are given to the different value of the serious is called weighted mean
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Explain the characteristics of coefficient of skewness as given by Cayley.
Short Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12th-
Mar 2017
Explain the characteristics of coefficient of skewness as given by Bowley
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Write the limitations of index number.
Short Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thPurpose of index number: Various type of index number serve a special purpose for which they have been construct
Selection of base period: Index number are constructed with refrence to some base period or base year.
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What is difference between correlation and regression ?
Short Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thCorrelation : They are variable may be due to a pure chance
High degree of correlation between variable
Regulation : They are thearetical explation for the existance of correlation
Low degree of Regulation between variable.
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What is circular flow of income in four sector model ?
Short Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thFour Sector Model : Such a model of circular flow of sector household sector, govrnment sector and Rest of the world sector are included apart from financial sector is known as four model
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What is disguised unemployment ?
Short Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thDisguised unemployment: Disguised unemployment or hidden unemployment is a kind of unemployment where some people seem to be employed but are actually not This type of usually occur when there is overemployment in a particular work.
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What is statutory liquidity ratio ?
Short Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thStatutory liquidity ratio: The Indian Government term for the Reverse requirment that the commercial bank in indian are required to maintain in the form of cash gold reserved government approved securities before providing credit to the customer
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Calculate median from the following data.
Marks: 15 20 25 30 35 40 No of Students: 65 87 45 35 15 45 Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thx f cf 15 35 35 20 87 122 25 15 137 30 45 182 35 65 247 40 45 292 292
M = (N + 1 over 2) = (292 + 1 over 2) = (293 over 2) = 146.5 = 30 Answer -
Clculate coefficient of skewness by Karl-Pearson's methord from the following data;
Income 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 No of labourers 25 55 85 65 40 20 10 Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thx f dx=x-A fdx dx2 fdx2 10 25 -20 -500 400 10,000 20 55 -10 -550 100 5500 30 85 0 0 0 0 40 65 10 650 100 6500 50 40 20 800 400 16000 60 20 30 600 900 18000 70 10 40 400 1600 16000 300 1400 72000 (ar{x} = A+{Sigma fdxover N} => 30 + {40over 300})
=> 30 + 4.667
(ar{x} => 34.667)
Z = 30
( = sqrt{{{ Sigma} fdx^2over N } - ({{ Sigma} fdxover N})^2 })
( = sqrt{{ 7200over 300 } - ({1400over 300})^2 })
= (sqrt {240 - 21.77})
(= sqrt {2.23} = 1.493)
skewness = (ar{x} - z)
34.667 - 30 = 4.667
Coeff of sk = ({ ar{x} - zover sigma} = {34.667 - 30over 1.493} = {4.667 over 1.493} = 3.125)
34.667 - 30
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Mar 2017
Calculate coefficient of skewness by Karl-Pearson's method:
\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\nIncome: \r\n5 \r\n10 \r\n15 \r\n20 \r\n25 \r\n30 \r\n35 \r\n40 \r\n\r\n \r\n \r\nNo of Labourers \r\n26 \r\n29 \r\n40 \r\n35 \r\n26 \r\n18 \r\n14 \r\n12 \r\n
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Calcuclate index number by simple aggregative methord and simple aveage of price relative from the following data
Commodities Price 2012 Price 2015 A 345 370 B 310 340 C 415 460 D 380 420 E 240 270 Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thComm P0 P1 A 345 370 B 310 340 C 415 460 D 380 420 E 240 270 1690 1860 P01 = ({EP_1 over EP_0} * 100 = {1860 over 1690 }*100 = 110. 059)
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Mar 2017
Calucalate Index number by simple aggregative methord and simple average of price relative.
\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\nCommodities \r\nPrice 2012 \r\nPrice 2015 \r\n\r\n \r\nA \r\n152 \r\n193 \r\n\r\n \r\nB \r\n110 \r\n195 \r\n\r\n \r\nC \r\n130 \r\n175 \r\n\r\n \r\nD \r\n250 \r\n650 \r\n\r\n \r\n \r\nE \r\n80 \r\n50 \r\n
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Find regression equation Y on X from the following data.
X 8 4 10 7 6
Y 12 10 14 8 6
Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thX Y X2 Y2 XY 8 12 64 144 96 4 10 16 100 40 10 14 100 196 40 7 8 64 64 56 6 6 36 36 36 35 50 280 540 268 X on Y
X = a + bY
b = bXY = (NSigma XY - Sigma X Sigma Yover N Sigma Y^2 - (Sigma V)^2)
bXY = ({5 * 268 - 35 * 50 over 5*540 - (50)^2 } = {1340 - 1750 over 2700 - 250} = {-410 over 200} = -2.05 )
a = (ar{x} - bar{y} = ar{x} = {Sigma x over N} = {35over 5} = 7 )
(ar{Y} = {Sigma Y over N } = { 50 over 5} = 10 )
a = 7 - (2.05 * 10) = 7 - 20.5 = -13.5
Y on X
Y = a' + b'X
b' = bxy = (NSigma XY - Sigma X Sigma Yover N Sigma X^2 - (Sigma X)^2)
= ({5 * 268 - 35 * 50 over 5*280 - (35)^2 } = {1340 - 1750 over 1400 - 1225} = {-410 over 175} = -2.34 )
a = 10- (-2.34 * 7)
= 10 + 16.38 = -6.38 Answer
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Mar 2017
Find regression equation Y on X from the following data:
\r\n\r\nX 6 2 10 4 8
\r\n\r\nY 9 11 5 8 7
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Calculate from the following data:
(a) Gross national product at market price
(b) Net national product at market price
(i) Pgivate consumption expenditure = 2,40,000
(ii) Govt. consumption expenditure = 37,000
(iii) Gross capital formation = 14,500
(iv) Exports = 19,000
(v) Imports = 23,500
(vi) Net factor income from abroad = 750
(vii) Depreciation = 300
Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thGDPMP = Govt Cons exp + Private final consumption expenditure + fixed cap for + Increase in stock + Net Export
= 150 + 1200 + 250 + 40 + (-40)
= 1640 - 40 = 1600
NDPMP - GDPMP - Depreciation
= 1600 - 100 = 1500
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Mar 2017
Calculate from the following data :
\r\n\r\n(a) Gross national prodrlct at market price and
\r\n\r\n(b) Net national product at market price
\r\n\r\n(i) Private consumption expenditure = 1,00,000
\r\n\r\n(ii) Govt. consumption expenditure = 12,500
\r\n\r\n(iii) Gross capital formation = 2,500
\r\n\r\n(iv) Exports = 6,000 (v) Imports = 9,000
\r\n\r\n(vi) Net factor income from abroad = 750
\r\n\r\n(vii) Depreciation = 40
\r\n\r\n
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what is average propensity to save ? Exprain with diagram
Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thAverage Propensity to Consume = Saving function explain the relationship between saving and income in other word saving function depicts the level of saving at various level of income. It explain the saving level of income
Income Consumption Saving APS (Y) (C) S= Y- C APS = S/Y 50 40 10 10/50 = 0.2 100 60 40 40/100 = 0.4 -
Mar 2017
what is average propensity to consume ? Explain with diagram.
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Explain the contingency function of money.
Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thContingent Function: The higher the level of economic development of the country, the more are the other function of money in the country the importance of these function of money increase with the increase in the rate of ecnomic development. David kinely has referred to these function of money as 'Contingent function'
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What is difference between developmental and non developmental expenditure ?
Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thDevelopment Expenditure : The expenditure incurred by Government which promotes economics development social welfare of the country is known as development expenditure
Non-Dvelopment Expenditure : The expenditure incurred by government to run the administration of country and to make transfer payments, is known as Non-Development Expenditure
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What are the methods to rectify the disequilibrium of balance of payment ?
Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thDisquilibrium in BDP : There is Balance in Balance of payment when receipt and payment are equal to each other The difference between total recipt and total recipt and total payment i.e not balance is zero.
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Calculate standard deviation and mean from the folrowing data.
Age 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 No of Students: 12 10 20 22 18 12 Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thCI f x fx x=(cx-x) x2 fx2 0-10 12 5 60 -26.382 695.90 8350.8 10-20 10 15 150 -16.382 268.36 268.36 20-30 20 25 500 -6.382 40.729 814.58 30-40 22 35 770 3.618 13.089 287.95 40-50 18 45 810 13.618 185.449 3338.08 50-60 12 55 660 23.618 557.80 6693.6 94 2950 22168.61 (ar{x} = {Sigma fx over Sigma f} = {2950 over 94} = 31.382)
(sigma = {sqrt Sigma over N } = { sqrt 2216.61 over 94 } = sqrt { 235.83} = 15.35)
Coeff of (sigma = {sigma over ar{x}} = {15.35 over 31.382 } = 0.489)
Cv = ({sigma over ar{x}} * 100 = {15.35 over 31.382 * 100} = 48.95)
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How will you measure nationar income by expendifi,e method ?
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what is deficit budget ? what are the measures to reduce the budget deficit ?
Long Answer Mar-2017 • PSEB Class 12thDeficit Budget = If expeclec revenue of government is less then expected expenditure of government in a budget then such a budget is known as deficit budget
Measure to Countain defict = Government may borrow from the public of the country The loan taken by government from the public of the country is known as Market Loan
Measure to contain Revenue Deficit = Revenue can be increassed by increassing revenue receipt can increased by increasing either tax reciept or non-tax receipt or Both
Measure to Contain Fisal Deficit = Under such a policy, government borrow from central bank on the basis of government securities or treasury bills and thus bridges its fiscal deficit.
Measure to Contain Primary Deficit = Primary Deficit of government is an indicator of the need of government to borrow for its various function their interest payment on the loan taken in the past
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Mar 2017
How will you measure national income by product method ?
\r\n\r\nor
\r\n\r\nWhat is govt. budget ? What are its objectives ?
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Answers about this subject, solved papers, and preparation.
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