BEQM PSEB Class 12th()

PART-I

BUSINESS STATISTICS

UNIT 1. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

(i) Arithmetic Mean (Simple and weighted)

(ii) Median and Mode

UNIT 2. MEASURES OF DISPERSION AND SKEWNESS

A. Measures of Dispersion

i. Range, Quartile, Decile, Percentile and Quartile Deviation.

ii. Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation.

B. Measures of Skewness

(i) Meaning of Measures of Skewness.

(ii) Difference between Dispersion &Skewness.

(iii) Measures of Skewness.

a) Absolute Measures

b) Relative Measures & Coefficient of Skewness

(i) Bowley's Coefficient of Skewness

(ii) Kelly's Coefficient of Skewness

(iii) Karl Pearson's Cofficient of Skewness

UNIT 3. INDEX NUMBER

(i) Meaning, Features, Uses and Problems of Construction of Index Number.

(ii) Methods of Construction of Index Number, Cost of Living Index Numbers,Choice of base for Computing Index Numbers, Base Shifting.

UNIT 4. CORRELATION & REGRESSION ANALYSIS

A CORRELATION

(i) Meaning, Significance, Cause and Effect Relationship.

Types of Correlation.

(ii) Methods of Correlation:

a) Scattered Diagram,

b) Graphic Method

c) Karl Pearson's Coefficient of Correlation,

d) Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient

e) Concurrent Deviation Method.

(iii) Probable error, Standard error and Coefficient of Determination.

B) REGRESSION ANALYSIS

(i) Meaning, Uses of Regression Analysis, Relationship

between Correlation and Regression analysis

(ii) Regression Lines

(iii) Preparation of Regression quotient

(iv) Standard errors of estimation and Limitation of Regression

analysis.

PART-II

INTRODUCTORY MACROECONOMICS

UNIT 5. NATIONAL INCOME AND RELATED AGGREGATES.

(i) Basic Concepts: Consumption Goods, Capital Goods, Final Goods, Intermediate Goods; Stocks and flows; Gross Investment and Depreciation.

(ii) Circular Flow of Income, Measurement of National IncomeValue Added Method, Income Method and Expenditure Method.

(iii) Aggregates related to National Income GDP (Gross Domestic Product), GNP (Gross National Product), NDP (Net Domestic Product) , NNP (Net National Product) , (At Market Price and Factor Cost) National Disposable Income (Gross and Net) Private Income, Personal Income and Personal Disposable Income, Real and Nominal GDP.

(iv) GDP and Welfare

UNIT 6 DETERMINATION OF INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT.

(i) Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and their Components.

(ii) Propensity to Consume and Propensity to Save (Average and Marginal)

(iii) Meaning of Involuntary Unemployment and Full Employment.

(iv) Determination of Income and Employment-Two Sector Model.

(v) Concept of Investment Multiplier and its working.

(vi) Problems of Excess and Deficient Demand.

(vii) Measures to correct Excess & Deficient Demand,

Availability of Credit, Change in Govt. spending.

UNIT 7 MONEY AND BANKING

(i) Money- Meaning, Evolution and Functions.

(ii) Supply of Money - Currency held by the Public and Net Demand Deposits held by Commercial Banks.

(iii) Central Bank- Meaning and Functions (example of Reserve Bank of India) : Bank of Issue, Government Bank, Bankers Banks, Controller of Credit CRR, SLR, Reverse Repo, Open Marker Operation, Margin Requirement.

(iv) Commercial Banks- Meaning and Functions.

Unit 8 GOVERNMENT BUDGET AND THE ECONOMY

(i) Government Budget- Meaning, Components and Objectives.

(ii) Classification of Receipts- Revenue Receipts and Capital Receipts.

(iii) Classification of Expenditure-Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure.

(iv) Balanced Budget-Surplus Budget and Deficit Budget; Meaning and Implications.

(v) Revenue Deficit, Fiscal Deficit and Primary Deficit; Meaning and Implications; Measures to correct different Deficits.

Unit-9 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

(i) Balance of Payment Accounts-Meaning and Components.

(ii) Balance of Payments Deficit -- Meaning.

(iii) Foreign Exchange Rate- Meaning (Flexible and Fixed), Merits

and Demerits, Determination through Demand and Supply.

(iv) Determination of Exchange Rate in a Free Market