Microwave Tubes: Limitations of conventional tubes, construction, operation and properties of

Klystron Amplifier, reflex Klystron, Magnetron, Travelling Wave Tube (TWT), Backward Wave

Oscillator (BWO), Crossed field amplifiers.

Microwave Solid State Devices: Limitation of conventional solid state devices at Microwaves,

Transistors (Bipolar, FET), Diodes (Tunnel, Varactor, PIN), Transferred Electron Devices (Gunn

diode), Avalanche transit time effect (IMPATT, TRAPATT, SBD), Microwave Amplification by

Stimulated Emission of Radiation (MASER).

Microwave Components: Analysis of Microwave components using s-parameters, Junctions (E,

H, Hybrid), Directional coupler, Bends and Corners, Microwave posts, S.S. tuners, Attenuators,

Phase shifter, Ferrite devices (Isolator, Circulator, Gyrator), Cavity resonator, Matched termination.

Microwave Measurements: Power measurements using calorimeters and bolometers,

Measurement of Standing Wave Ratio (SWR), Frequency and wavelength, Microwave bridges.

Introduction to Radar Systems: Basic Principle: Block diagram and operation of Radar, Radar

range Equation, Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) and Range Ambiguities, Applications of Radar.

Doppler Radars: Doppler determination of velocity, Continuous Wave (CW) radar and its

limitations, Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar, Basic principle and operation of

Moving Target Indicator (MTI) radar, Delay line cancellers, Blind speeds and staggered PRFs. Scanning

and Tracking Techniques: Various scanning techniques (Horizontal, vertical, spiral, palmer, raster,

nodding), Angle tracking systems (Lobe switching, conical scan, monopulse), Range tracking systems,

Doppler (velocity) tracking systems.