Microwave Tubes: Limitations of conventional tubes, construction, operation and properties of
Klystron Amplifier, reflex Klystron, Magnetron, Travelling Wave Tube (TWT), Backward Wave
Oscillator (BWO), Crossed field amplifiers.
Microwave Solid State Devices: Limitation of conventional solid state devices at Microwaves,
Transistors (Bipolar, FET), Diodes (Tunnel, Varactor, PIN), Transferred Electron Devices (Gunn
diode), Avalanche transit time effect (IMPATT, TRAPATT, SBD), Microwave Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation (MASER).
Microwave Components: Analysis of Microwave components using s-parameters, Junctions (E,
H, Hybrid), Directional coupler, Bends and Corners, Microwave posts, S.S. tuners, Attenuators,
Phase shifter, Ferrite devices (Isolator, Circulator, Gyrator), Cavity resonator, Matched termination.
Microwave Measurements: Power measurements using calorimeters and bolometers,
Measurement of Standing Wave Ratio (SWR), Frequency and wavelength, Microwave bridges.
Introduction to Radar Systems: Basic Principle: Block diagram and operation of Radar, Radar
range Equation, Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) and Range Ambiguities, Applications of Radar.
Doppler Radars: Doppler determination of velocity, Continuous Wave (CW) radar and its
limitations, Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar, Basic principle and operation of
Moving Target Indicator (MTI) radar, Delay line cancellers, Blind speeds and staggered PRFs. Scanning
and Tracking Techniques: Various scanning techniques (Horizontal, vertical, spiral, palmer, raster,
nodding), Angle tracking systems (Lobe switching, conical scan, monopulse), Range tracking systems,
Doppler (velocity) tracking systems.