UNIT 1. Introduction to Computer Networks:
Data Communication System and its components, Data Flow, Computer network and its
goals, Types of computer networks: LAN, MAN, WAN, Wireless and wired networks,
broadcast and point to point networks, Network topologies, Network software: concept of
layers, protocols, interfaces and services, ISO-OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference
model.
Unit 2. Physical Layer:
Concept of Analog & Digital Signal, Bandwidth, Transmission Impairments: Attenuation,
Distortion, Noise, Data rate limits : Nyquist formula, Shannon Formula, Multiplexing :
Frequency Division, Time Division, Wavelength Division, Introduction to Transmission
Media : Twisted pair, Coaxial cable, Fiber optics, Wireless transmission (radio, microwave,
infrared), Switching: Circuit Switching, Message Switching ,Packet Switching & their
comparisons.
Unit 3. Data Link Layer:
Design issues, Framing, Error detection and correction codes: checksum, CRC, hamming
code, Data link protocols for noisy and noiseless channels, Sliding Window Protocols: Stop
& Wait ARQ, Go-back-N ARQ, Selective repeat ARQ, Data link protocols: HDLC and
PPP.
Unit 4. Medium Access Sub-Layer:
Static and dynamic channel allocation, Random Access: ALOHA, CSMA protocols,
Controlled Access: Polling, Token Passing, IEEE 802.3 frame format, Ethernet cabling,
Manchester encoding, collision detection in 802.3, Binary exponential back off algorithm.
Unit 5. Network Layer:
Design issues, IPv4 classful and classless addressing, subnetting, Routing algorithms:
distance vector and link state routing, Congestion control: Principles of Congestion Control,
Congestion prevention policies, Leaky bucket and token bucket algorithms.
Unit6. Transport Layer:
Elements of transport protocols: addressing, connection establishment and release, flow control and
buffering, multiplexing and de-multiplexing, crash recovery, introduction to TCP/UDP protocols and
their comparison.
Unit 7. Application Layer:
World Wide Web (WWW), Domain Name System (DNS), E-mail, File Transfer Protocol (FTP),
Introduction to Network security