1. Introduction to Computer Networks:

Data Communication System and its components, Data Flow, Computer network and its goals, Types of

computer networks: LAN, MAN, WAN, Wireless and wired networks, broadcast and point to point

networks, Network topologies, Network software: concept of layers, protocols, interfaces and services, ISOOSI

reference model, TCP/IP reference model.

2. Physical Layer:

Concept of Analog & Digital Signal, Bandwidth, Transmission Impairments: Attenuation, Distortion, Noise,

Data rate limits : Nyquist formula, Shannon Formula, Multiplexing : Frequency Division, Time Division,

Wavelength Division, Introduction to Transmission Media : Twisted pair, Coaxial cable, Fiber optics,

Wireless transmission (radio, microwave, infrared), Switching: Circuit Switching, Message Switching

,Packet Switching & their comparisons.

3. Data Link La

Design issues, Framing, Error detection and correction codes: checksum, CRC, hamming code, Data link

protocols for noisy and noiseless channels, Sliding Window Protocols: Stop &

ARQ, Selective repeat ARQ, Data link protocols: HDLC and PPP.

4. Medium Access Sub-Layer:

Wait ARQ, Go-back-N

Static and dynamic channel allocation, Random Access: ALOHA, CSMA protocols, Controlled Access:

Polling, Token Passing, IEEE 802.3 frame format, Ethernet cabling, Manchester encoding, collision

detection in 802.3, Binary exponential back off algorithm.

5. Network Layer:

Design issues, IPv4 classful and classless addressing, subnetting, Routing algorithms: distance vector and

link state routing, Congestion control: Principles of Congestion Control, Congestion prevention policies,

Leaky bucket and token bucket algorithms

6. Transport Layer:

Elements of transport protocols: addressing, connection establishment and release, flow control and

buffering, multiplexing and de-multiplexing, crash recovery, introduction to TCP/UDP protocols and their

comparison.

7. Application Layer:

World Wide Web (WWW), Domain Name System (DNS), E-mail, File Transfer Protocol (FTP),

Introduction to Network securi