Microprocessors : Basic Concepts : What is a Microprocessor?; 4-8-16-32……; Evolution of
Microprocessors; Organization of Microcomputers; Microprocessor Programming (Instructions,
Machine and Mnemonic Codes, Machine and Assembly Language Programming, High Level
Language Programming); Digital Logic (Digital and Analog Signals, Digital Building Blocks,
Signal Levels, Device Loading, Open-Collector and Totem-Pole Devices); Timing Diagram
Conventions.
Data Representations : Introduction; Positional Number Systems; The Binary Number System
(Concepts; Binary to Decimal Conversion; Decimal to Binary Conversion); Representation of
Integers (Positive Integers, Maximum Integer, Negative Number Representation, Minimum
Integer, BCD Representation); Representation of Real Numbers (Conversion of Real Numbers,
Floating Point Notation, Representation of Floating Point Numbers, Accuracy and Range in
Floating Point Representation); Binary Arithmetic (Addition and Subtraction of Binary Integers,
Overflow and Underflow, Addition of Floating Point Numbers); Other Number Systems (Some
Conventions); Character Representation.
Programming a Microprocessor : Introduction; Organization of the 8085 (Data and Address
Busses, Addressing the I/O Devices, Registers in the 8085); Instruction Set of the 8085
(Instruction Types, Classification of Instructions, Addressing Modes, Space and Time
Requirements).
Semiconductor Memories : Introduction (Memory Types); Characteristics of Memories
(Memory Chip Capacity and Organization, Electrical Signals); Static RAMs (Other Static RAMs,
Fast Static RAMs); Dynamic RAMs (Organization of 51100x, Timings of 51100x, Refreshing the
Dynamic RAM, Page Mode Operation of Dynamic RAMs, Nibble Mode Operation, Static Column
Mode, Power Requirements of DRAMs, Soft Errors in Dynamic RAMs); Reprogrammable ROMs
(Organization of EPROM, Electrically Erasable EPROMs, Shadow RAM); Memory System
Reliability (MTBF Computation, Error Detection using Parity).
Microprocessor Timings : Introduction, Timing and Control Unit (Basic Concepts, The Fetch
Operation, The Execute Cycle, Machine Cycle and State, Instruction and Data Flow); Timings
of INTEL 8085 (8085 Buses, Opcode Fetch Cycle, Memory and I/O Read Cycles, Memory
and I/O Read Cycles, Memory and I/O Write Cycles, Interrupt Timings, Interrupt Acknowledge
Machine Cycle, Bus Idle Machine Cycle, The HALT and HOLD States, Initiating System
Operation, State Transition Sequence.